Equity-linked Notes (ELN)

[AlphaQuant]

I am curious how bank or issuing company of ELN earn money?

once i bought ELN, it will have 3 scenario:
1) stock price move up and i get the interest.
2) stock price remain same value and i get the interest.
3) stock price goes down and hit my strike price, i carry the stock.

Does bank or issuing company earn from all 3 scenario?

an ELN typically involves the purchase of a bond and an option.

the issuer makes off the spread all the time i.e. it purchases the bond+option at a lower price, packages it into a note, and then sells the paper to the investor at a higher price.

the spread is locked in and does not depend on whether the investor makes or loses - what matters is to sell them to as many people as possible to make as much of the spread as possible.